City of HelenaCommunity Development
Helena UDO — Working Primer 0.9.4

Drafting record

Working file

Single editable working file. Holds the document framing, the brand/render spec, the chapter-level crosswalk from current Title 11 + Title 12 to the proposed Unified Development Ordinance, the policy risks to track, and the definitions for the zoomable infographics. Edited iteratively as structured data; rendered to a styled PDF only when stable.

Working version0.9.4 StatusWorking draft — restructured to form-based architecture (v0.8.0) Last edited2026-05-16
What this page is

The drafting record for the working primer. Every field on this page exists for the planners working the document: file metadata, scope, per-chapter drafting context, and the full changelog. None of this surfaces on the chapter pages — the reader sees the chapter; the planner reads this page.

Scope

In scope

Title 11 zoning regulations and Title 12 subdivision regulations, combined into a single Unified Development Ordinance. Zoning and subdivision are coordinated under one document.

Out of scope

The City of Helena Engineering and Design Standards remain external, administered under separate authority in City Code. The UDO coordinates with that document by cross-reference; it does not re-codify it. The UDO also does not codify the authority of the City Engineer or the fire authority — that authority is established elsewhere in City Code and in Montana law.

Editing notes

Each crosswalk row and each infographic block is independently editable. Do not renumber rows; the 'id' field is stable. Notes are third-person, plainspoken, spare — not every row needs one. Citation discipline: this is a drafting document, so statutory references are to specific sections of Title 76, chapter 25, MCA, not to the 'MLUPA' shorthand.

Per-chapter drafting record

Chapter 1

General Provisions, Administration, Definitions, and Measurement

0.6 · 2026-05-15
Structure
Chapter 1 carries five jobs: (1) what the ordinance is and how it relates to the Helena Forward Land Use Plan and other law; (2) the Official Zoning Map and the three-layer regulatory framework; (3) administration — who decides what; (4) rules of construction and interpretation; (5) the consolidated definitions and the consolidated measurement rules. Definitions and measurement are placed here, early, on purpose — mirroring how Title 76, chapter 25 itself front-loads its definitions at 76-25-103, and curing the current code's precarity of chapter-scoped definitions doing cross-chapter work.
Verification basis
Citations verified against the full text of Title 76, chapter 25, MCA (MCA_MLUPA_full_USE_ME.txt — all five parts) and against the City of Helena's April 2026 process documents (CUP Process, Variance Process, Site Specific Development Process, Zoning Map Amendment Process, Administrative Minor Subdivision Checklist, Exempt Subdivision Plat Checklist, Commercial Site Review, Annexation by Petition). Current Helena definitions verified against the current Title 11 (helenamt-mt-1_2_.txt) and current Title 12.
Rebuild note
Version 0.2 is a thorough rebuild of the original Chapter 1 draft. Corrections applied: (1) every statutory citation is now to a specific verified section of Title 76, chapter 25, MCA — no 'MLUPA' shorthand and no section numbers carried from memory; (2) no 'pending legal review' hedging — items are stated as planning positions; (3) the A-grid and B-grid replaces the earlier 'district-primary street' concept, framed as a derived thoroughfare network; (4) 'zoning district' is the noun throughout, with 'district family' used only for the RMX/CMX/IMX groupings; (5) the City Engineer is not codified in this Title at all — Chapter 1 names only the land-use decision-makers, and the engineering and fire-code seam is handled as a drafting constraint on the subdivision design menus rather than by naming a decision-maker; (6) the consolidated definitions are corrected against the verified text of 76-25-103, with terms MLUPA actually defines retagged 'statutory'; (7) the variance definition carries the verified 76-25-502(4) criteria, and the earlier invented 'administrative adjustment' tier is removed; (8) the dual appeal track is reflected accurately — the 76-25-503 two-tier de novo path for most decisions, and the separate 76-3-609 path that Helena currently runs for administrative minor subdivisions; (9) the CUP is stated as a settled MLUPA-conformant ministerial process, matching Helena's adopted April 2026 practice.
Drafting note (v0.3)
Version 0.3 applies the transitional reframe. Phase 1 (adopted April 2026) already brought Title 11 and Title 12 into conformance with Title 76, chapter 25, so this UDO is a reorganization of an already-conformant code, not a conformance migration. Section 11-1-18 is rewritten from a transitional-topic list into a short standing pointer: it states the date-cut rule for pending applications (received before the adoption date, prior regulations; received on or after, the UDO — the City standard approach, stated without elaboration) and points to the adopting ordinance for renumbering, district conversion, and the two genuine retirements. The CSR definition note is reframed so Phase 2 work reads as reorganization clarity rather than closing a conformance gap. This is an internal working document for office planners; the register is correspondingly direct — no public-memo hedging or over-explanation, though the specific 76-25-xxx citation discipline and the third-person plainspoken note voice are retained.
Drafting note (v0.4)
Version 0.4 conforms Section 11-1-8 to the form-based architectural restructure adopted in working file v0.8.0. The three-layer regulatory framework now names the overlay chapter (Chapter 7) directly rather than referring to a 'consolidated overlay chapter' placeholder, and the first-layer description names the new homes of the integrated site design standards (Chapter 4) and the use-specific operational standards (Section 11-2-9). No other sections changed.
Provenance tag: existing
Carried forward from current Helena code. The current definition text is retained or lightly conformed. Source section cited.
Provenance tag: revised
A term that exists in the current code but is changed by this rewrite. The note states what changed and why.
Provenance tag: new
A term the rewrite requires that the current code does not define and that Title 76, chapter 25 does not define. The definition is draft language for staff consideration.
Provenance tag: statutory
A term defined by Title 76, chapter 25, MCA. The verified statutory definition controls; the entry quotes or closely tracks the statutory text and cites the section.
Provenance tag: relocated
An existing term moved from a chapter-specific section into this consolidated section without substantive change, other than scope (it now applies ordinance-wide).
Conflicts resolved
  • BUILDING HEIGHT — the current code defined building height in 11-4-1 (citywide), and the Downtown chapter (Chapter 9) cross-referenced Chapter 4 for terms it did not define; Phase 1 had to delete a conflicting building-height definition that the Downtown code had carried. A core dimensional term that does the same regulatory work everywhere must have one definition everywhere. The consolidated section gives building height a single citywide definition.
  • LOT — defined in 11-4-1 (general) and again in 11-8-2 (an area within an RV park for one recreational vehicle); the current Title 12 also carries a subdivision usage. The consolidated section uses the 11-4-1 general definition. The RV-park operational meaning stays as a chapter-scoped term in the RV Parks chapter.
  • PROPERTY LINE / LOT LINE — current 11-7-2 and 11-8-2 each define 'property line' as a park perimeter; 11-4-1 uses 'lot line' with front/rear/side subtypes; the Downtown chapter 11-9-2 adds 'primary,' 'secondary,' and 'common' lot lines. The consolidated 'lot line' carries all six subtypes ordinance-wide; the park-perimeter usage is noted as chapter-scoped.
  • NONCONFORMING USE / STRUCTURE — defined in 11-6-2 (general) and again in 11-35-1 (airport-specific, concerning a preexisting structure, tree, or land use inconsistent with the airport chapter). The general definitions consolidate here; the airport chapter keeps its specialized meaning, which concerns hazards to navigable airspace rather than zoning dimensional fit.
Chapter 2

Districts and Use Standards

0.5 · 2026-05-16
Source basis
Current Title 11 Chapter 2 (helenamt-mt-1_2_.txt) — the 11-2-2 intent-of-districts section, the 11-2-3 land use table (Table 1, ~75 use rows across 14 districts), the 11-2-4 land use definitions, and the 11-2-5 supplemental requirements cross-references. The district migration follows infographic IG-3 in the working file. Statutory vocabulary and limitations verified against Title 76, chapter 25, MCA (MCA_MLUPA_full_USE_ME.txt).
Structure
Chapter 2 carries four jobs: (1) establish the zoning district families and their intensity ladders, and state each district's intent; (2) carry the use tables — reorganized from the current single 14-column table into three family tables (RMX, CMX, IMX) plus the SP district uses; (3) carry the supplemental use standards that attach conditions to specific uses regardless of district; (4) state the use-category definitions, coordinated with the consolidated definitions in Chapter 1. The use tables are built on the statutory dwelling-type vocabulary defined at 76-25-103 — single-unit, two-unit, three-unit, four-unit, and multi-unit dwelling — so the residential rows align with the statute the City's housing-strategy provisions also rest on.
Relationship to other chapters
Chapter 1 supplies the consolidated definitions (11-1-12) and the three-layer regulatory framework (11-1-8) this chapter's district layer sits in. Chapter 3 supplies the procedures — the zoning compliance permit, the CUP, the zoning map amendment — that the use-table P / CUP calls route into. Chapter 4 supplies the form, dimensional, and site design standards calibrated by district and by the A-grid and B-grid; Chapter 2 says what may be built where, Chapter 4 says what it must look like. The 7+ block topical chapters (Parking, Signs, Landscaping, Mobile Home Parks, RV Parks, Daycare, Marijuana, Alcohol/Casino, Home Occupations) carry the use-specific operational detail the supplemental use standards cross-reference.
Drafting method
This is a straight-through first draft. Where the settled architecture entails the content — the district family structure, the IG-3 migration mapping, the 76-25-303 limitations, the statutory dwelling-type vocabulary — it is written as a planning position. Where the transformation from the current Title 11 Chapter 2 land use table is NOT mechanical — where the finer intensity ladder should change a current permitted/conditional/not-permitted call, or where the B-2 split forces a use to land somewhere specific — the draft makes its best call and flags it. Flagged calls are marked 'JUDGMENT CALL' in the relevant note and collected in chapter_2_open_items. The flags are the honest seams: they are where the planner's decision is required, not where the architecture has already decided.
Drafting note (v0.2)
Version 0.2 rewrites Section 11-2-2 in full. The earlier v0.1 intent statements were organized around the intensity ladder and the permitted-use mix, which restated the use table in prose form and did none of the work intent statements are supposed to do. The v0.2 statements follow a four-element discipline for every district — form factor first, then prioritized circulation mode (referencing the A-grid and B-grid where the district is grid-relevant), then activity character, then geolocating principle. All sixteen districts (RMX-1 through RMX-5, CMX-1 through CMX-5, IMX-1 through IMX-3, OSR, PLI, Airport) follow the same structure in the same order. The discipline gives Chapter 4's form-standard worksheet, the A-grid and B-grid layer, and the use-table worksheet substantive backstops that the previous prose did not supply.
Drafting note (v0.3)
Version 0.3 prunes the open-items list against the style guide. Items that stated draft status, narrated drafting methodology, described working-file coordination, or tracked tasks already in the deferred-drafting list are removed. Count: 14 -> 10.
Drafting note (v0.4)
Version 0.4 is a tooltip audit pass against the style guide. 5 notes killed for restating section content, narrating drafting decisions, or offering stylistic commentary. 4 notes kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state: a statutory citation that anchors the section, a relationship to other sections that is not stated in the text, or a measurement rule that prevents disputes.
Provenance tag: carried_forward
A use, district call, or standard carried from the current Title 11 Chapter 2 with no substantive change other than its placement in the new family-table structure.
Provenance tag: translated
A current district call moved to its successor district under the IG-3 mapping with no change in permissiveness — an equivalent translation. R-3's calls become RMX-2's calls; B-1's become CMX-1's.
Provenance tag: judgment_call
A call the transformation does not settle on its own — the finer intensity ladder, the B-2 split, the retirement of a district, or a 76-25-303 constraint requires a decision about where a use lands or whether its permissiveness changes. The draft makes its best call and the note states the reasoning and the alternative. These are collected in chapter_2_open_items.
Provenance tag: statutory_constraint
A call constrained by Title 76, chapter 25 — principally the 76-25-303 limitations on zoning authority. The statute, not the current code and not planning preference, sets the floor or the ceiling.
Chapter 3

Procedures and Review Types

0.2 · 2026-05-15
Source basis
Process Crosswalk (process_crosswalk_draft.json v0.2), which maps the twelve review types to decision-maker, statutory basis, public role, impact fork, timeline, appeal path, and current Helena process. The crosswalk has been externally confirmed as the right spine for Chapter 3; this chapter is its ordinance-form realization. Title 76, chapter 25, MCA, in particular 76-25-301 through 76-25-503, supplies the statutory framework; 76-3-609 supplies the separate appeal path for administrative minor subdivisions; the current Helena code (Title 11 chapter 3 and Title 12 chapter 2 as amended by the April 2026 Phase 1 ordinance) supplies the procedural inheritance.
Structure
The chapter has three parts. Part A (Sections 11-3-1 through 11-3-5) carries the chapter-wide framing: purpose, common procedural mechanics, submittal forms, the consolidated appeal structure, vesting and revocation. Part B (Sections 11-3-6 through 11-3-14) carries the nine administrative review types in the order their use frequency and procedural depth suggest: zoning compliance permit, commercial site review, site-specific development review, conditional use permit, variance, subdivision exemption review, administrative minor subdivision, preliminary plat, final plat. Part C (Sections 11-3-15 through 11-3-17) carries the three legislative actions: zoning map amendment, zoning text amendment, annexation. Twelve review-type sections, one per crosswalk row. The order serves the reader — a planner looking up a procedure finds related procedures grouped together — not the order of the crosswalk itself.
Engineering seam
Chapter 3 does not codify the City Engineer. The construction-plan review for subdivisions and other public-improvement reviews runs under the external Engineering Standards' own procedures, which are not within the UDO's scope. Chapter 3 procedures end at the land-use decision; the engineering review is a separate sequence whose timing is coordinated by the application materials but whose authority is not codified here.
Drafting note (v0.2)
Version 0.2 is a tooltip audit pass against the style guide. 5 notes killed for restating section content, narrating drafting decisions, or offering stylistic commentary. 13 notes kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state: a statutory citation that anchors the section, a relationship to other sections that is not stated in the text, or a measurement rule that prevents disputes.
Chapter 4

Form, Dimensional, and Site Design Standards

0.9 · 2026-05-16
Source basis
Current Title 11 Chapter 4 (the general dimensional standards in 11-4-2 Table 2 and the construction-requirements and townhouse provisions in 11-4-3 and 11-4-4) and Current Title 11 Chapter 9 (the downtown and transitional-residential form vocabulary in 11-9-7, covering site, building placement, height and massing, transparency, pedestrian access, parking, and landscaping). The Chapter 4 of the proposed UDO generalizes the Chapter 9 vocabulary citywide, calibrated by district family and intensity, while preserving the Chapter 4 dimensional standards that govern the districts the form vocabulary does not reach. The result is a single chapter that handles every district's form and dimensional regulation in one place.
Structure
Chapter 4 has thirteen sections in three functional groups. Sections 11-4-1 through 11-4-3 carry the chapter-wide framing: purpose, applicability, the relationship between the dimensional standards and the form standards, and the measurement and construction requirements. Section 11-4-4 carries the general dimensional standards — lot area, lot coverage, setbacks, height — that apply citywide. Sections 11-4-5 through 11-4-10 carry the form standards in six sections — site, building placement, height and massing, transparency, pedestrian access, and parking placement — each stating the standard in ordinance form with the per-district calibrated values inline. Section 11-4-11 carries the A-grid and B-grid calibration and the criteria for grid membership. Section 11-4-12 carries the citywide transition standards at common lot lines between districts of different intensity: setback, step-down, buffer yard, screening, lighting spillover, and vehicular access. Section 11-4-13 carries modification, variance, and the substantial-compliance posture for the chapter.
Relationship to other chapters
Chapter 1 supplies the consolidated definitions (Section 11-1-12) and measurement rules (Section 11-1-13) this chapter's standards depend on, including the lot-line subtypes (front, rear, side, common) and the A-frontage and B-frontage designations the building-placement standards use. Chapter 2 establishes the districts whose form is calibrated here and the intent statements at Section 11-2-2 that supply the form-factor, prioritized-circulation-mode, activity-character, and geolocating-principle anchors for each district. Chapter 3 carries the procedural mechanics — the zoning compliance permit and other reviews — through which this chapter's standards are applied. This chapter consolidates the form, dimensional, and site design standards (including parking placement, transparency, pedestrian access, and the buffering and screening at district seams in Section 11-4-12) that the current code distributes across separate topical chapters in Title 11.
Calibration mechanism
The standards in this chapter are stated in two ways. Standards that are uniform across the City — the construction requirements for moved structures, the general principles of measurement, the citywide townhouse standard — are stated as ordinance text in the section. Standards that are calibrated per district — lot coverage maxima, height maxima, setbacks, build-to depths, transparency minima — are stated as ordinance text in the section, with the per-district calibrated values displayed inline in the section drawing from the Chapter 4 Form & Dimensional Worksheet. The two-layer approach means the chapter's text remains stable while the calibrated values can be reviewed and revised through the worksheet.
Drafting note (v0.2)
Version 0.2 prunes the open-items list against the style guide. Items that stated draft status, described methodology, restated current-code carry-forwards as if they were open questions, or duplicated deferred-drafting items tracked elsewhere are removed. The open items now read as decisions needed or questions pending — one sentence each.
Drafting note (v0.3)
Version 0.3 adopts A-grid / B-grid terminology in place of primary/secondary grid throughout the chapter and rewrites Section 11-4-11 to state the six A-grid membership criteria operatively. The criteria are stated in 11-4-11(B); a street that meets none of them is on the B-grid by default under 11-4-11(C). Grid amendments after adoption (11-4-11(H)) are evaluated against the same criteria. Lot-line vocabulary updated: A-frontage and B-frontage replace primary and secondary lot line in references throughout the chapter.
Drafting note (v0.4)
Version 0.4 rewrites Section 11-4-6(D) to put the A-grid and B-grid layer of the Official Zoning Map in charge of A-frontage and B-frontage designation by default. Applicant designation through the zoning compliance permit application applies only where the grid does not resolve the question (multi-frontage on two A-grid streets, or two or more B-grid streets and no A-grid frontage). A departure from the grid-based default — treating a B-grid frontage as the A-frontage where an A-grid frontage also exists on the lot — requires a variance under Section 11-4-13, consistent with the working file's structural decision retiring the administrative-adjustment tier in favor of the single variance mechanism. Subsection E and the surface-parking-setback list item updated to drop residual primary/secondary phrasing left over from the v0.3 terminology substitution.
Chapter 5

Subdivision Design and Public Realm

0.3 · 2026-05-15
Source basis
Current Title 12 as amended by the April 2026 Phase 1 conformance ordinance (Ordinance 33 in the April 2, 2026 City Commission packet). The amendments brought Title 12 into conformance with Title 76, chapter 25, MCA, by deleting most of Chapter 12-2 (the old procedural sections) and consolidating the design and improvement content into 12-2-15 and 12-2-16. The City of Helena Engineering and Design Standards ("Engineering Standards") remain external to the UDO and are coordinated by cross-reference; the UDO does not renumber or rewrite them, and the subdivision design menus in this chapter are drafted to be consistent with what the Engineering Standards already require. Title 76, chapter 25, MCA, sets the statutory floor — in particular Part 4 (subdivision review under chapter 25) and the substantial-compliance review standard at 76-25-304.
Structure
Chapter 5 carries the design content of the current Title 12 (Subdivision Regulations), reorganized so the substantive subdivision design and public-realm standards live here, while the procedural mechanics for subdividing land run through Chapter 3 (Procedures and Review Types) alongside all other UDO procedures. This is the Missoula-model split confirmed in the working file's structural_decisions: common procedural mechanics in Ch. 3; subdivision-specific design content and the land-division form in Ch. 5. Chapter 6 (Subdivision Improvements and Dedications) carries the public-improvement installation, dedication, and security mechanics; Chapter 5 says what gets designed, Chapter 6 says how it gets built and accepted.
Engineering seam
The line between this chapter and the external Engineering Standards is a drafting constraint, not a codified decision-maker assignment. Chapter 5 carries the design content the planning review applies — block configurations, lot layout, the public-realm program, pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure menus, parkland dedication — stated as land-use design standards a subdivision must meet. The Engineering Standards carry the specifications the construction review applies — pavement sections, pipe sizes, intersection geometry, materials, testing. The two documents must be drafted so they cannot conflict: every design option a Chapter 5 menu offers must be one the Engineering Standards can build to fire-code clearances, drainage requirements, and street-classification design speeds. As Chapter 5 advances beyond this primer draft, each design standard and each menu option is checked against the current Engineering Standards and the applicable fire code; the check is re-run whenever either document changes.
Primary/secondary grid interaction
The A-grid and B-grid layer of the Official Zoning Map carries through into Chapter 5. Subdivision design within an area subject to the grid is drawn to it: blocks fronting the A-grid carry the design intent the grid calibrates, B-grid blocks receive defined relief. The grid does not change what a subdivision is or how it is reviewed; it shapes the design menus the subdivision must choose from. Where the grid is silent — most greenfield subdivision sites — the standards in this chapter apply on their general terms.
Drafting note (v0.2)
Version 0.2 prunes the open-items list against the style guide. Items that stated draft status, described architecture rather than asking questions, narrated working-file coordination, or were workflow notes are removed. Count: 13 -> 8.
Drafting note (v0.3)
Version 0.3 is a tooltip audit pass against the style guide. 6 notes killed for restating section content, narrating drafting decisions, or offering stylistic commentary. 4 notes kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state: a statutory citation that anchors the section, a relationship to other sections that is not stated in the text, or a measurement rule that prevents disputes.
Chapter 6

Subdivision Improvements and Dedications

0.3 · 2026-05-15
Source basis
Current Title 12 Chapter 2 sections 12-2-15 (Public Improvements to be Installed) and 12-2-16 (Public Improvements Installation Options / Extension of Capital Facilities), as amended by the April 2026 Phase 1 conformance ordinance (Ordinance 33 in the April 2, 2026 City Commission packet). The Phase 1 amendments consolidated the public-improvement mechanics into these two sections; Chapter 6 of the UDO carries that content forward in its own chapter, reorganized for the chapter-25-conformant framework.
Structure
Chapter 6 has three parts. Part A (Sections 11-6-1 through 11-6-3) carries chapter-wide framing: purpose, applicability, and the relationship to Chapter 5 and to the external Engineering Standards. Part B (Sections 11-6-4 through 11-6-7) carries the public-improvement installation mechanics: the required improvements list, the installation timing, the bond and security alternatives, and the health-and-safety priorities that must be installed in advance of bonding. Part C (Sections 11-6-8 through 11-6-11) carries the dedication mechanics: dedication of rights-of-way, dedication of easements, dedication of parkland (cross-referenced from Chapter 5), and the procedures for accepting the dedication and recording it.
Relationship to other chapters
Chapter 5 carries the substantive design standards a subdivision must meet — what blocks, lots, streets, and the public realm look like. Chapter 6 carries the mechanics of installing the public improvements that implement Chapter 5's design and of dedicating those improvements (and the underlying rights-of-way and easements) to the City. The Engineering Standards carry the construction specifications the public improvements must be built to; this chapter cross-references those standards without restating them. Chapter 3 carries the procedural shell — preliminary plat, final plat, the substantial-compliance review — within which Chapter 6's mechanics operate.
Engineering seam
Chapter 6 is the closest the UDO comes to the engineering seam. The chapter calls for public improvements (streets, sidewalks, curbs and gutters, stormwater facilities, water and wastewater mains, dry utilities) to be installed before or secured at final plat, but the technical specifications for the improvements — pavement section, pipe size, manhole spacing, materials, testing — stay in the external Engineering Standards. The chapter operates by cross-reference to the Engineering Standards rather than by restating their content. Conflicts between the two documents are resolved under the rule in Section 11-5-1(D) of Chapter 5 (the standard more protective of public health and safety controls).
Drafting note (v0.2)
Version 0.2 prunes the open-items list against the style guide. Draft state, working-file coordination, and journal items removed; remaining items each name a decision needed in one sentence. Count: 10 -> 7.
Drafting note (v0.3)
Version 0.3 is a tooltip audit pass against the style guide. 5 notes killed for restating section content, narrating drafting decisions, or offering stylistic commentary. 6 notes kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state: a statutory citation that anchors the section, a relationship to other sections that is not stated in the text, or a measurement rule that prevents disputes.
Chapter 7

Overlay Districts

0.2 · 2026-05-15
Source basis
Current Title 11 Chapter 36 (Airport Noise Influence District) and Chapter 41 (Wildland-Urban Interface District) supply the substantive standards for the two overlays in this chapter. Title 76, chapter 25, MCA, in particular 76-25-301 and 76-25-304, supplies the statutory framework for overlay districts as part of the zoning regulations adopted under the chapter. Missoula's Title 22 UDC supplies the structural pattern of treating overlays as a distinct chapter within the unified ordinance.
Structure
Six sections. Sections 11-7-1 through 11-7-3 carry the chapter framework: purpose, establishment, and the relationship between overlay districts and underlying zoning districts. Sections 11-7-4 and 11-7-5 carry the two overlays this proposal carries forward: the Airport Noise Influence Overlay and the Wildland-Urban Interface Overlay. Section 11-7-6 establishes the procedural pathway for adopting additional overlays through the regular zoning text and map amendment processes, so the chapter accepts future overlays without restructuring.
Drafting note (v0.2)
Version 0.2 is a tooltip audit pass against the style guide. 2 notes killed for restating section content, narrating drafting decisions, or offering stylistic commentary. 0 notes kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state: a statutory citation that anchors the section, a relationship to other sections that is not stated in the text, or a measurement rule that prevents disputes.
Provenance tag: carried_forward
Substantive standards within Sections 11-7-4 and 11-7-5 carry forward from current Title 11 Chapters 36 and 41 with conforming edits to integrate them into the new chapter structure.
Provenance tag: new
The chapter framework (Sections 11-7-1 through 11-7-3 and Section 11-7-6) is drafted new for the UDO. The current code does not have an integrated overlay-districts chapter; the two overlays sat as standalone topical chapters.

A-grid and B-grid — adoption mapping

Purpose

This document is the draft adoption mapping for the A-grid and B-grid layer of the Official Zoning Map. It identifies the streets the UDO designates as A-grid at adoption, the corridor-study streets the UDO holds on the B-grid pending future corridor planning, and the B-grid-by-default residue. The criteria the mapping applies are stated operatively in Section 11-4-11(B). GIS rendering and parcel-level review come downstream of the calls made here.

Relationship to the ordinance

Section 11-4-11(B) of Chapter 4 states the criteria for A-grid membership. This document applies those criteria to Helena's adopted plans and identifies which streets meet them at adoption. The criteria, not this document, are the operative text in the UDO.

A-grid at adoption

Streets designated A-grid at UDO adoption. Each segment cites the criteria from Section 11-4-11(B) it satisfies and the adopted plan that supplies the basis.

Downtown core

Envelope. Every street within the Downtown Business Improvement District (BID) boundary, between Lyndale Avenue and the Capitol complex, is A-grid at adoption. The BID is the canonical A-grid envelope: it is coextensive with the most pedestrian-oriented, building-front-continuous, mixed-use part of the City.

Basis. Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan, planning-area boundary.

Last Chance Gulch — Pedestrian Mall
From 6th Avenue to Pioneer Park / Reeder's Alley area
B(1) Pedestrian priorityB(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policyB(6) Public-realm investments

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan, Sections 5.2 (Pedestrian Mall Concepts) and 6.1 (Pedestrian Mall Revitalization). The pedestrian-mall segment is the highest-pedestrian segment in the City.

Last Chance Gulch — Retail Core
From 6th Avenue to Neill Avenue
B(1) Pedestrian priorityB(2) Building-frontage continuityB(4) Mixed-use or commercial frontageB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan, Section 3.1.2. Ground-floor commercial-retail on Last Chance Gulch and Fuller Avenue.

Last Chance Gulch — Great Northern District frontage
From Neill Avenue to Lyndale Avenue
B(2) Building-frontage continuityB(4) Mixed-use or commercial frontageB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan, Section 3.1.1. Great Northern District characterized by modern mixed-use buildings.

6th Avenue (downtown segment)
From Last Chance Gulch pedestrian mall north end to Capitol complex
B(1) Pedestrian priorityB(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan; minor arterial with state urban route designation.

Neill Avenue (downtown segment)
From Park Avenue to Capitol complex
B(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Neighborhood Plan; principal arterial bisecting downtown.

Park Avenue (downtown segment)
From Lyndale Avenue to south edge of BID
B(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan; state urban route; identified as a principal BID corridor.

Broadway Street (downtown segment)
From Park Avenue to Capitol complex
B(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan; minor arterial; state urban route.

Benton Avenue (downtown segment)
From Lyndale Avenue to south edge of BID
B(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policy

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan; state urban route; identified in the plan's bicycle-network concept as a primary commuter route.

Fuller Avenue (downtown segment)
From 6th Avenue to Lawrence Street
B(1) Pedestrian priorityB(2) Building-frontage continuity

Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan, Section 3.1.2; ground-floor commercial-retail; parallel to Last Chance Gulch.

Civic and institutional anchors

Helena Avenue
From Last Chance Gulch to Carroll College area
B(2) Building-frontage continuityB(5) Adopted corridor policy

State urban route; connects downtown to Carroll College and the Great Northern District; identified in the Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan; existing bike-lane facilities.

B-grid at adoption, pending corridor study

Streets the UDO holds on the B-grid at adoption pending future corridor studies. These are corridors of significance — principal arterials, major commercial frontages, road-diet candidates — whose long-term character will be set by dedicated corridor studies functioning like neighborhood plans. The UDO does not designate them A-grid at adoption because the substantive form expectations on each corridor are the corridor study's work to define. Each will move to the A-grid through the regular zoning map amendment procedure under Section 11-4-11(H) once a corridor study supplies the substantive basis under criterion B(5).

Lyndale Avenue (US Highway 12)
western city limits to eastern city limits / Montana Avenue

Current classification: Principal arterial; Non-Interstate NHS route.

Reason held on B-grid at adoption: Auto-oriented commercial corridor whose long-term character requires a dedicated corridor study to define. Coordination with MDT on access control, streetscape, and operations is part of the corridor planning.

Custer Avenue
National Avenue to Green Meadow Drive

Current classification: Minor arterial (per LRTP).

Reason held on B-grid at adoption: West Helena commercial frontage; suburban-style development pattern; LRTP improvements identified but corridor form expectations not yet set.

Cedar Street
Lyndale Avenue to Custer Avenue area

Current classification: Arterial/collector (per LRTP).

Reason held on B-grid at adoption: North-south connector through commercial frontage; corridor study needed to define form expectations.

Montana Avenue
Lyndale Avenue to Custer Avenue

Current classification: Principal arterial.

Reason held on B-grid at adoption: LRTP identifies the Lyndale-to-Cedar segment for a road-diet configuration; corridor study should set form expectations consistent with the multimodal redesign.

Prospect Avenue / 11th Avenue couplet
Prospect Avenue from Montana Avenue to downtown; 11th Avenue from Last Chance Gulch area to eastern terminus

Current classification: LRTP identifies 11th Avenue for a three-lane road-diet configuration; Prospect Avenue is part of the South Montana Avenue corridor study area.

Reason held on B-grid at adoption: The Prospect / 11th couplet is the principal east-west connector between Last Chance Gulch and the South Montana / Custer area. Corridor study should treat the two as a connected pair.

B-grid by default

Every street not designated A-grid at adoption under the preceding section, and not flagged in the corridor-study category, is B-grid by default. Specifically: residential interior streets in established neighborhoods, service streets and alleys, suburban-style residential streets in the City's outer rings, and arterial and collector streets that meet none of the criteria in Section 11-4-11(B). The B-grid is the City's dominant regulatory geography; the A-grid is the targeted overlay where the form standards bite hardest.

Open questions for adoption

Questions staff resolves before the UDO is adopted with this grid layer.

  • Civic and institutional streets at the Capitol complex and Carroll College. Helena Avenue is in the A-grid at adoption; Roberts Street and the broader Capitol street network are held on the B-grid pending the question of whether Chapter 4's form standards translate to state institutional buildings.
  • BID envelope edge cases. The Downtown BID boundary is the envelope basis; some streets within the BID may be too service-oriented to warrant A-grid form standards at adoption. Staff judgment per segment within the envelope.
  • Cross-jurisdictional segments. Where an A-grid street is on a state urban route or an NHS segment, the form standards apply through City zoning, but coordination with MDT on right-of-way and access matters at implementation.
  • Adoption timing. The grid adopts with the UDO. Corridor-study streets move to the A-grid through the zoning map amendment procedure as the corridor studies complete. The corridor-study program itself is a separate planning workstream.

Changelog

v0.7.5: First-pass plug continues. Chapter 4 (Form, Dimensional, and Site Design Standards) drafted at primer depth as chapter_4_draft.json v0.1 — thirteen sections covering chapter-wide framing, general dimensional standards (carrying forward current 11-4-2 Table 2 vocabulary), the six form-standard sections generalizing current 11-9-7 vocabulary citywide (site, building placement, height and massing, transparency, pedestrian access, parking placement), the A-grid and B-grid calibration provisions, the citywide transition standards that take over the work of the retired T district, and the modification and variance provisions. The chapter uses a two-layer architecture: the chapter text is stable, the per-district calibrated values live in Tables 4-A through 4-H and in the Chapter 4 Form & Dimensional Worksheet. The corner-lot-orientation administrative adjustment from current 11-9-7 is retired and replaced by a build-to-both-frontages requirement with variance available; this matches the working file's retired-administrative-adjustment-tier structural decision. The substantial-compliance posture in 11-4-13(D) follows the chapter-25 ministerial-permit framing already settled for the CUP. Chapter 6 (Subdivision Improvements and Dedications) drafted at primer depth as chapter_6_draft.json v0.1 — eleven sections covering chapter-wide framing, the required public improvements list (carrying forward current 12-2-15(A) as amended by Phase 1), installation alternatives (bond, security, subdivision improvements agreement), the health-and-safety priorities that must obtain interim acceptance before final plat, plan approval procedure, capital facility extension under 76-25-410, final acceptance and warranty, and the three-section dedication block (rights-of-way, easements, parkland). Chapter 6 operates by cross-reference to the external Engineering Standards rather than by restating their content. v0.7.4: Chapter 2 -> v0.2. Section 11-2-2 (district intent statements) rewritten in full. The v0.1 statements were organized around intensity ladder and use mix, which restated the use table in prose. The v0.2 statements follow a four-element discipline — form factor, prioritized circulation mode (referencing the A-grid and B-grid where applicable), activity character, and geolocating principle, in that order, for every district. All sixteen districts (RMX-1 through RMX-5, CMX-1 through CMX-5, IMX-1 through IMX-4, OSR, PLI, Airport) follow the same structure. Substantive consequence beyond the chapter itself: the intent statements now provide the substantive backstop for the Chapter 4 form-standard worksheet (a form value that contradicts the district's form-factor is a flag), for the A-grid and B-grid layer (the grid calibrates the districts whose intent prioritizes pedestrian or bicycle circulation), and for the use-table worksheet (a use call that contradicts the district's activity character is a flag). The earlier defensive register of "intent statements need to be confirmed deliberately" in v0.1's note is no longer needed — the statements are now written to a discipline that lets them carry their own weight. v0.7.3: First-pass continuation. Chapter 3 (Procedures and Review Types) drafted at primer depth as chapter_3_draft.json v0.1 — eighteen sections covering chapter-wide framing (purpose, common procedural mechanics, submittal requirements, consolidated appeal structure, vesting and revocation), the nine administrative review types from the Process Crosswalk (zoning compliance permit, commercial site review, site-specific development review, conditional use permit, variance, subdivision exemption, administrative minor subdivision, preliminary plat, final plat), the impact-determination procedure as its own section, and the three legislative actions (zoning map amendment, zoning text amendment, annexation). The chapter implements the dual subdivision appeal-track structure (Track 1 chapter-25 de novo for everything except minor; Track 2 76-3-609 City Commission review for minor), preserves the CUP as a ministerial review with the criteria-to-objective-standards conversion flagged for next pass, and treats the final-plat decision as Track 1 appellable notwithstanding governing-body decision-making (the ministerial-determination reasoning is stated in the section text). Working file now has Chapter 1 (v0.4), Chapter 2 (v0.1) + Chapter 2 Worksheet (v3), Chapter 3 (v0.1), Chapter 4 Worksheet (v1), Chapter 5 (v0.1), and the Process Crosswalk (v0.2). Each chapter's drafting is at primer depth and is intended to be the document the Title is written from, not the Title itself. v0.7.2: Continued first-pass drafting. The Chapter 2 Use Tables Worksheet was rebuilt to v3 with tabs across the four district families, TBD as a real value (in place of the misleading NP default for net-new cells), and the R-U correction propagated through (R-U was R-4-with-no-setbacks; it retires into the citywide townhouse supplemental standard, and its use calls inform RMX-3/4, not RMX-1; RMX-1 baseline derives from R-1/R-2 alone). The Chapter 4 Form & Dimensional Standards Worksheet was built on the same pattern — numeric inputs, color diff by direction-of-permissiveness (yellow = larger building envelope, blue = smaller), baselines ported from current Chapter 4 Table 2 (general dimensional) and current Chapter 9 (form standards for DT and TR successors); the form-standard rows for districts that have no current Ch 9 baseline start TBD, which honestly states that the question of whether and how to extend the Ch 9 vocabulary into the rest of the family structure is a policy choice not a port. Chapter 5 (Subdivision Design and Public Realm) drafted at primer depth as chapter_5_draft.json v0.1 — ten sections in ordinance form covering purpose/applicability, general subdivision design standards, block design, lot design, street design, public realm and open space, easements, hillside and environmental considerations, submittals, and variances. The chapter implements the Missoula-model subdivision-procedure split (procedural mechanics in Ch. 3, design content in Ch. 5) and the engineering-seam structural decision (Ch. 5 carries land-use design, the external Engineering Standards carry construction specs, the chapter coordinates by cross-reference without renumbering the Engineering Standards). v0.7.1: Minor correction. The R-U retirement story in IG-3 was rephrased to reflect what R-U actually was — an R-4-with-no-setbacks-for-townhomes district — rather than "R-U absorbed into RMX-1." R-U's setback relief becomes the citywide townhouse supplemental standard; its use calls inform RMX-3/4 where R-U-equivalent intensity sits, not RMX-1. RMX-1 baseline derives from R-1/R-2 alone, no R-U conflict resolution. This straightens the use-table baselines in the Chapter 2 worksheet and removes a class of manufactured "departures" that were artifacts of the wrong absorption direction. v0.7: Two changes folded into one edit. (1) Removed the 'policy_risks' section entirely. The register a 'risks to track' list carries is defensive — it reads as the memo cataloguing its own vulnerabilities, which sits badly against the house style's 'state items as planning positions, no hedging' discipline, and quarantining real drafting tasks under a 'risks' header flattens the difference between settled architecture and scheduled work. The eight items were redistributed, not deleted: the B-2 split mapping test, the T district parcel-condition preservation mechanism, the RMX-5 available-but-unmapped decision, and the parcel-level conversion table are now stated in the MX-family structural decision as the implementation work the district conversion entails; the CUP-criteria-as-objective-standards task and the CUP 'what it is not' provision are in the deferred-drafting list as drafting tasks; the engineering-seam consistency check folds into the Chapter 5 deferred-drafting item; and the grid is settled architecture (see below). 'next_steps' was rewritten — 'deferred_to_dedicated_sessions' is now 'deferred_drafting' with a note that these are tasks against a decided architecture, not open questions — and stale references (to 'policy risks,' to Chapter 1 'v0.2,' to the Process Crosswalk as not-yet-drafted) were corrected. (2) Settled the A-grid and B-grid as ordinary adopted architecture. The earlier framing treated the grid as an IOU needing a bespoke derivation rule to be defensible. It does not. The grid is a layer of the Official Zoning Map and is legitimate the way every layer of that map is legitimate — it is adopted with the UDO, on a planning basis, through the legislative process with the public participation Title 76, chapter 25 front-loads into the adoption of the implementing regulations. The initial grid is a meaningfully informed planning determination on the adopted record, informed by the City's adopted transportation and neighborhood plans (the 2015 Long Range Transportation Plan's functional classification, the 2023 Downtown Helena Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan's corridor classifications, and the adopted neighborhood plans), with the City exercising planning judgment across them; as ordinary planning practice, adopted plans inform that determination while documents that are not adopted policy (the draft Comprehensive Safety Action Plan, the 2021 Five-Point Intersections traffic study) do not bind it. Secondary is the conservative default where the adopted record and that judgment do not affirmatively place a street on the A-grid. The grid structural decision was rewritten accordingly; the grid-amendment structural decision was rewritten to state the two post-adoption paths — the derivative path (the grid tracks an updated underlying source) and the 76-25-214 neighborhood-plan refinement path — with the zoning map amendment as the step that records either change. A legal-and-implementation assumption was added on the 76-25-214 neighborhood-plan / regulatory-map-layer interaction, noting that the existing Downtown and Railroad District neighborhood plans were adopted under the predecessor growth-policy statute (76-1-601 and 76-1-603), not under chapter 25, and are the current-generation examples of the document type. The transportation and neighborhood-plan sources were read for this edit: the LRTP (adopted by Helena City Commission June 29, 2015), the Downtown Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan (September 2023, adopted), the Downtown Helena Master Plan / Downtown Neighborhood Plan (adopted October 17, 2016, Resolution 20313), the Railroad District Neighborhood Plan (final report November 2024, adopted as a growth-policy subarea plan), the draft Comprehensive Safety Action Plan (February 13, 2026, not adopted, carries a High-Injury Network), and the 2021 City of Helena Multimodal Traffic Study (Five-Point Intersections, a conditions and data study). Coordinates with Chapter 1 draft v0.4 (11-1-8 grid language) and Process Crosswalk v0.2 (PX-MAP note). v0.6: Reframed transition as a reorganization of an already-conformant code, not a conformance migration — Phase 1 (adopted April 2026) already brought Title 11 and Title 12 into conformance with Title 76, chapter 25. Stripped the 76-25-305 temporary-vs-effective bridge from the legal assumptions and from IG-6 (a non-issue on an August 2027 adoption — the UDO is simply drafted to the effective version). Reframed the CSR notes (assumption, crosswalk row T11-27, deferred item) so Phase 2 work reads as reorganization clarity — proper structural home, consistent procedural vocabulary — not as closing a conformance gap that is already closed. Coordinates with Chapter 1 draft v0.3, which rewrote 11-1-18 as a short transition pointer. v0.5: Reconciled the working file with Chapter 1 draft v0.2. (1) Replaced 'MLUPA' shorthand throughout with specific Title 76, chapter 25 section citations or the spelled-out reference, matching the drafting-document discipline adopted for Chapter 1. (2) Replaced 'district-primary street' with the 'A-grid and B-grid' concept throughout — the structural decisions, the crosswalk, the infographics, and the renamed RISK-DPS — framing it as a derived thoroughfare network rather than individually selected streets. (3) Struck the structural decision naming the City Engineer as a separate decision-maker; replaced it with the decision that the UDO does not codify the City Engineer at all and handles the engineering and fire-code seam as a drafting constraint on the subdivision design menus. (4) Rewrote RISK-ENG-SEAM accordingly — it is no longer a 'who decides' risk but a drafting-consistency risk. (5) Softened RISK-CUP — Helena's adopted April 2026 process already operates the CUP as a chapter-25-conformant ministerial process, so the residual risk is the narrower drafting task of expressing the criteria as objective standards. (6) Corrected the CUP legal-and-implementation assumption to match Helena's adopted practice rather than describing it as an untested divergence. (7) Added two legal-and-implementation assumptions: the 76-25-303 limitations on zoning authority (effective October 1, 2026 version — parking maximums, height, treatment of certain housing and care facilities), and the dual subdivision appeal track (76-25-503 for most decisions, the separate 76-3-609 path for administrative minor subdivisions). (8) Corrected stale framings: the structural-model and infographic notes no longer lean on 'MLUPA-era,' and the Engineering Standards administering authority is described without over-specifying. v0.4: Added adopted-record control rule to the single-Official-Zoning-Map structural decision. Added a structural decision that future district-primary street designations are adopted by zoning map amendment under Chapter 3. Made the UDO 7+ block topical chapter list explicit. Added a deferred-session item for the T district conversion / preservation adopting-ordinance schedule. Added a deferred-session item for the CUP 'what it is not' provision. Noted that reference_checks is an internal-only section not carried into a staff-facing render. v0.3: Shortened the status line. Renamed 'legal_implementation_assumptions' to 'legal_and_implementation_assumptions'. Moved the Bozeman reference-source question out of 'phase_1_cleanup_items' into a new 'reference_checks' section. Added two policy risks: RISK-CONVERSION and RISK-ENG-SEAM. v0.2: Standardized terminology to 'Unified Development Ordinance' / 'UDO' throughout. Removed reader-facing scope-change history. Resolved the Title 11 Chapter 5 numbering conflict. Board of Adjustment retirement stated as a settled structural decision. Softened the form/engineering seam language. Split the former 'locked_decisions' list into 'structural_decisions' and 'legal_and_implementation_assumptions'. Added a 'policy_risks' section. Added district-primary-street designation criteria.

v0.8.0 (2026-05-15) — Form-based architectural restructure.
  Spine reduced from eight chapters to seven: the topical chapter block (Ch. 7+) is abolished.
  Site design standards (parking, landscaping and screening, signs, outdoor lighting) relocate to Chapter 4 as integrated sections of the form/dimensional/site design framework.
  Use-specific operational standards (mobile home and RV parks, home occupations, daycare facilities, licensed premises, marijuana operations) relocate to Chapter 2's supplemental use standards section (11-2-9), adjacent to the use tables that route to them.
  Overlay districts get their own chapter (new Chapter 7), consolidating the Airport Noise Influence overlay (current Ch. 36) and the Wildland-Urban Interface overlay (current Ch. 41) with framework for future overlays.
  Planned Unit Developments retired (current Ch. 25); flexibility delivered through district intensity ladders and the A-grid and B-grid.
  Nonconformities (current Ch. 6) relocates to Chapter 1 as a general-applicability subject.
  T Transitional District retired as a standalone district; transition handled through district intensity selection and the A-grid and B-grid.
  Three new structural decisions added (form-based architecture; PUD retirement; nonconformities placement).
  All affected crosswalk rows rewritten with new destinations, dispositions, and notes.
  Deferred-drafting list added under next_steps: Chapter 2 § 11-2-9 use-specific subsections (six items), Chapter 4 site design sections (five items), Chapter 1 nonconformities section, Chapter 7 overlay sections (two items).

v0.8.1 (2026-05-15) — Nonconformities split.
  The v0.8.0 placement of nonconformities in Chapter 1 is replaced with a three-way split.
  Nonconforming uses live in Chapter 2 § 11-2-9 (use-specific operational standards), adjacent to the use tables that define the current permissions.
  Nonconforming form, dimensional, lot, and sign features live in Chapter 4 alongside the standards they are exceptions to.
  Chapter 5 carries one operating rule: a subdivision may not create a new nonconformity, with variance under Chapter 3 the only relief.
  Structural decision rewritten. Crosswalk row T11-06 (current Chapter 6 Nonconformities) updated with the new split destinations and a refined note.
  Deferred-drafting list updated: the single Ch. 1 nonconformities item is replaced with three items (Ch. 2 § 11-2-9 use-nonconformities subsection, Ch. 4 nonconforming-form section including sign amortization as a deferred policy question, Ch. 5 no-new-nonconformities rule).

v0.8.2 (2026-05-15) — Stale structural-decision cleanup.
  SD-02 updated from 'Eight-chapter spine' to 'Seven-chapter spine ... plus one reserved-chapter slot.'
  SD-14 (Board of Adjustment retired) updated to point variance placement at Chapter 3 rather than 'the 7+ block,' which no longer exists.
  No substantive architectural change; v0.8.0 and v0.8.1 already moved the architecture, but the two affected structural-decision entries were not updated to match.

v0.8.3 (2026-05-15) — Open question added on utilities classification. Data centers proposed as 'Utilities, major' rather than current Helena practice of treating them as minor utilities. Logged in next_steps.open_questions_for_user for the next Chapter 1 definitions drafting pass.

v0.8.4 (2026-05-15) — Data-centers-as-major-utilities open item refined against current Title 11 source text. The previous phrasing did not state the use-permission consequence; the refined item names the proposed reclassification and the drafting choice (amend the major-utility definition or add a standalone data-center term).

v0.8.5 (2026-05-15) — Substantial-compliance-as-ministerial logged as resolved legal posture in framing.legal_and_implementation_assumptions.items. Grounded in adopted Phase 1 process materials (CUP Process, Site Specific Development Process, Variance Process, Commercial Site Review). Phase 1 process documents staged in source/phase1_process_docs/ as reference for verification work. The corresponding open item in Chapter 4 was removed in the v0.2 open-items pass.

v0.8.6 (2026-05-15) — A-grid and B-grid analytical candidate set added. New working analytical document at source/primary_grid_candidate_set.json identifies A-grid candidate segments from adopted plans (LRTP, Downtown Multimodal and Infrastructure Plan, Downtown Neighborhood Plan, CSAP) against six stated criteria. Twenty candidate segments grouped by area (downtown core, midtown and commercial corridors, civic anchors), three envelope areas (BID, Last Chance Gulch corridor, Great Northern Town Center), five edge cases and open questions. Document is the analytical input to the grid map adoption, not the map itself. Surfaced on the working-file page.

v0.8.6 (2026-05-15) — A-grid / B-grid terminology adopted throughout in place of primary/secondary grid; A-frontage / B-frontage in place of primary/secondary lot line. Substitution swept all chapter drafts, the working file, the process crosswalk, the style guide, and the Chapter 4 worksheet (174 substitutions across nine source files). Chapter 1 § 11-1-12: A-frontage, B-frontage, A-grid, and B-grid added as standalone definitions; the Lot line definition cleaned of obsolete primary/secondary subtypes. Chapter 4 § 11-4-11 rewritten to state the six A-grid membership criteria operatively (pedestrian priority, building-frontage continuity, transit service, mixed-use/commercial frontage, adopted corridor policy, public-realm investments). Streets meeting none default to the B-grid; grid amendments after adoption are evaluated against the same criteria. The analytical document at source/primary_grid_candidate_set.json is renamed to source/a_grid_adoption_mapping.json and restructured as the adoption mapping: ten A-grid segments designated at adoption (downtown core envelope plus civic anchors) and five corridors (Lyndale, Custer, Cedar, Montana, Prospect/11th couplet) held on the B-grid at adoption pending dedicated corridor studies that will move them to the A-grid through the regular zoning map amendment procedure under § 11-4-11(H). Ordinance text does not cite the form-based-code lineage of the device; the criteria stand as Helena's own.

v0.8.7 (2026-05-15) — Chapter 4 § 11-4-6(D) rewritten to put the A-grid and B-grid layer of the Official Zoning Map in charge of A-frontage and B-frontage designation by default. Multi-frontage lots resolved by the grid (one A-grid frontage, one or more B-grid frontages) are designated automatically. Multi-frontage lots not resolved by the grid (two or more A-grid frontages, or two or more B-grid frontages without an A-grid frontage) are designated through the zoning compliance permit application materials. A departure from the grid-based default — treating a B-grid frontage as the A-frontage where an A-grid frontage also exists on the lot — requires a variance under Section 11-4-13, consistent with the single-relief-mechanism architecture in SD-14. Subsection E and the surface-parking-setback list item updated to drop residual primary/secondary phrasing left over from the v0.8.6 terminology substitution. Chapter 4 -> v0.4. The corresponding chapter-4 open item (formerly item 11 in the v0.1 list, formerly item 5 in the v0.2 trimmed list) is removed: the section is rewritten. The 11-4-12 transition-standards open item is also retrimmed to drop the residual T-district reference: T retirement was settled years ago and does not need to be mentioned in the open question.

v0.8.8 (2026-05-15) — Four-part content pass: (1) Chapter 4 § 11-4-12 rewritten as the citywide transition standards section: common lot-line setback at less-intense district abuttance, upper-story step-down, buffer yard, screening of parking/loading/storage, screening of mechanical equipment and dumpsters, lighting spillover, and vehicular access. All transition logic between districts of different intensity in one section. (2) Stale-content cleanup in Chapter 4: references to a topical-chapter architecture (Parking, Signs, Landscaping as separate chapters) removed; references to Tables 4-A through 4-G replaced with inline calibration language; Part A through Part F language replaced with section numbers; residual primary/secondary street-frontage phrasing in §§ 11-4-7, 11-4-8, 11-4-9, 11-4-10 updated to A-frontage and B-frontage; chapter-meta narrative fields (relationship_to_other_chapters, structure_note, calibration_mechanism) rewritten. Chapter 4 -> v0.6. (3) Open-items pass on Chapter 2 (14 -> 10), Chapter 5 (13 -> 8), Chapter 6 (10 -> 7). Same audit Chapter 4 v0.2 received: draft-state items, journal items, working-file-coordination items, and items that described architecture rather than asking questions are removed; remaining items each name a decision needed in one sentence. Chapter 2 -> v0.3; Chapter 5 -> v0.2; Chapter 6 -> v0.2. (4) Tooltip audit on Chapter 4: 7 of 13 section notes killed for restating section content or narrating drafting decisions; 6 kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state. Chapter 4 -> v0.7.

v0.8.9 (2026-05-15) — Sign amortization disposition settled. The deferred-drafting item on the Chapter 4 nonconforming-form subsection previously logged sign amortization as an open policy question; it is now logged as a settled disposition: amortization is not used; nonconforming signs are governed by the standard nonconforming-form rules of continued maintenance, with alterations beyond maintenance and failures to maintain reached through a fine on the maintainer of the sign structure (or on the property owner where no maintainer is identified in the sign permit record) under Section 11-1-17 Enforcement and violations. The Chapter 4 signs section, which is itself in the deferred-drafting list, will carry this disposition when it is drafted.

v0.9.0 (2026-05-15) — Tooltip audit completed across Chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. Sixty-eight section notes evaluated against the style guide test (would a SME reading the section actively wonder this thing, that the section itself does not state?). Twenty-eight notes killed; forty kept and trimmed. Kept notes each carry information a planner reading the section would actively want and the section itself does not state — a statutory citation that anchors the section, an architectural relationship between sections, or a substantive rule that prevents disputes. Chapter 1 -> v0.6; Chapter 2 -> v0.4; Chapter 3 -> v0.2; Chapter 5 -> v0.3; Chapter 6 -> v0.3; Chapter 7 -> v0.2. Combined with the Chapter 4 audit committed in v0.8.8, all section notes across all chapters have now been audited against the style guide. Total reduction: 81 notes -> 46 notes across the seven chapters (35 notes removed; 11 of the remaining 46 are sentence-length single-citation notes). The voice across the chapter pages is now consistent: a planner reading any chapter sees notes only where the section invites a question the section itself does not answer.

v0.9.1 (2026-05-15) — Cleanup pass: (1) Bug fix — Chapters index broken link for the Reserved chapter (href was 'chapter-Reserved.html' but the file is 'chapter-8.html'). build_chapters_index() now maps the 'Reserved' spine key to chapter-8.html for the href, matching the page registry. (2) Reserved chapter stub page reads as Reserved rather than 'Draft pending' — kicker, banner label, and body all updated; the Ch. 7+ legacy stub mapping (vestigial from when Ch. 7 was a stub) removed. (3) README updated — page count corrected to 19 (was 17); the line claiming Chapters 7 and 8 are stubs corrected to reflect Ch. 7 drafted and Ch. 8 reserved. (4) Cover and footer framing updated to match the style-guide stance — 'one staff planner's proposed architecture' replaced with 'planning staff proposal'; 'not project direction from the Community Development Director' dropped (Director Brink's full-rewrite engagement is named in the second paragraph); 'available to inform the consultant's work' replaces 'memo / not project direction' framing. The working file's author_voice field updated to match.

v0.9.2 (2026-05-15) — Chapter 4 Form & Dimensional Worksheet TBDs replaced with best-guess values. All 330 cells across the four district families (RMX, CMX, IMX, SP) now carry numeric values. Strongest provenance: cells where a current district translates directly (R-1, R-2, R-3, R-4, R-O → RMX-1, RMX-2, RMX-3, RMX-4; B-1 → CMX-1; DT → CMX-5; CLM → IMX-2; M-I → IMX-3; OSR, PLI, Airport columns translated column-for-column). Form-standard values for currently form-coded districts (RMX-3, RMX-4 inheriting TR; CMX-5 inheriting DT) carried forward unchanged. Net-new districts (RMX-5, CMX-2, CMX-3, CMX-4, IMX-1, IMX-4) and form standards for districts without a form-coded baseline derived by intensity-ladder reasoning between flanking districts: RMX-5 sits between RMX-4 and CMX-2 (urban-edge residential); CMX-2/3/4 progresses toward CMX-5 character (intensity ladder visible in lot coverage 70→80→85 and height 42→55→75); IMX-1 (live/work/maker) is smaller-scale and modestly pedestrian-oriented, IMX-4 (heavy industrial) is larger with stronger abuttance protection. Worksheet draft_version -> 0.2. The visualizer can now draw any district's envelope from the worksheet values.

v0.9.3 (2026-05-16) — IMX-4 collapsed into IMX-3. On review, IMX-4 was a net-new heavy-industrial district introduced during earlier drafting, not a decided part of the proposed taxonomy. The industrial family is IMX-1, IMX-2, IMX-3 — three districts. The heavy uses (heavy manufacturing and processing, fuel and storage, junkyards, motor vehicle wrecking, large-impact industrial) are carried in IMX-3, the M-I analog, where they reside in the current code; IMX-3's intent statement (11-2-2) rewritten to absorb the general-and-heavy range and the substantial buffering/screening/setback discipline. IMX-4 paragraph deleted from 11-2-2; IMX-1-through-IMX-4 enumerations corrected to IMX-1-through-IMX-3 in 11-2-1, 11-2-6, the 11-4-4(B) net-new list, and the live structural-decision references (PUD-retirement and MX-family decisions). IMX-4 column dropped from both worksheets and its derived values discarded (no loss — they were interpolated, never adopted). Taxonomy is now 16 zones: RMX-1..5, CMX-1..5, IMX-1..3, OSR, PLI, Airport. Prior changelog entries that mention IMX-4 are left intact as history; this entry is the correction of record. Chapter 2 -> v0.5; Chapter 4 -> v0.9. Note: prior changelog entries (v0.7.4, v0.9.2) reference 'sixteen districts' counting IMX-1..4 plus a miscount, and reference IMX-4 in derivation prose; those entries are historical and not edited.

v0.9.4 (2026-05-16) — PLI narrowing applied. PLI intent statement in Chapter 2 §11-2-2 rewritten: district narrowed from 'public or quasi-public institutional' to government and school-district ownership/operation. Helena School District No. 1 confirmed as sharing PLI (no separate district); taxonomy remains 16 zones. Migrated out of PLI: religious assembly (→ RMX/CMX on comparable-secular-assembly terms, RLUIPA note flagged for consultant); private medical (→ CMX); private institutional/nonprofit (→ CMX/RMX-5); publicly-owned operational/industrial land (→ IMX-2/IMX-3 by intensity). proposed_zone_dimensions.json PLI entry updated with _status block — pilot of status metadata pattern (resolved_proposal for intent and use permissions; open_policy_question for RLUIPA; map_dependency for parcel resort). Dimensional values carried from current code unchanged. Chapter 2 -> v0.6.